Because his strategy had been discovered, Father Hidalgo had no choice but to advance the rebellion. In the colonies diverse clandestine organizations were created in order to plan the rebellion against Spain. Retrieved on June 21, 2017, from en.wikipedia.org, 7 famous Mexican People in History. What were the songs/arts produced during this period? In an important step, Rayón organized the Suprema Junta Gubernativa de América (Supreme National Governing Junta of America), which claimed legitimacy to lead the insurgency. The Spanish quickly defended themselves but many were killed. Although the war began in 1810, the people of Mexico, like the people of the other colonies of Spain in America, never accepted the Spanish yoke, so it can be said that discontent with the Spanish authorities was general and existed Since the conquest. Image available on the Internet and included in accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. The attack was against Gelves as a bad representative of the crown and not against the monarchy or colonial rule itself. Love live Christ! Charles IV . [59], Iturbide had to persuade royalist officers to change sides and support independence as well as the mixed-race old insurgent forces. In 1810, these two figures began to plan a rebellion against the Spanish authorities, which was due to explode in December of that same year. He criticized authoritarian regimes, where power concentrated on a single individual and proposed the division of government power into three organs: executive, legislative and judicial. Many estate workers' weapons were agricultural tools now to be used against the regime. Benson, Nettie Lee. When he heard of the capture of the insurgent leaders, he fled south on 26 March 1811 to continue the fight. Edit source History Talk (0) This category contains historical battles fought as part of the Mexican War of Independence (1810–1821). The heads of Hidalgo, Allende, Aldama, and Jiménez were preserved and hung from the four corners of the Alhóndiga de Granaditas of Guanajuato as a grim warning to those who dared follow in their footsteps.[44]:27. Silver from New Spain was vital for funding the war against France. The Mexican War of independence lasted eleven years. Many did lay down their arms and received pardons, but when the opportunity arose, they often returned to the insurgency. After the dissolution of the Congress of Chilpancingo, Morelos was captured 5 November 1815, interrogated, was tried and executed by firing squad. Battles of the Mexican War of Independence. Since he was not a crown appointee, but rather the leader of a rebel faction, creoles viewed him as an illegitimate representative of the crown. Royalist military officer, Antonio López de Santa Anna led amnestied former insurgents, pursuing insurgent leader Guadalupe Victoria. One part of the war and the other half against. Viceroy Iturrigaray had been appointed by Charles IV, so his legitimacy to rule was not in doubt. 27-28. Former royalists and old insurgents formed an alliance under the Plan of Iguala and forged the Army of the Three Guarantees. Death to the heretic Lutheran [Viceroy Gelves]! "The Contested Mexican Election of 1812." Anna, Timonty E. "The Army of New Spain and the Wars of Independence, 1790-1821". With the reforms the crown sought to increase the power of the Spanish state, decrease the power of the Catholic church, rationalize and tighten control over the royal bureaucracy by placing peninsular-born officials rather than American-born, and increase revenues to the crown by a series of measures that undermined the economic position of American-born elites. [47] The Supreme Junta generated a flood of detailed regulations and orders. It tried to accommodate the aspirations of American-born Spaniards for more local control and equal standing with Peninsular-born Spaniards. [10] In 1642, there was also a brief conspiracy in the mid-seventeenth century to unite American-born Spaniards, blacks, Indians and castas against the Spanish crown and proclaim Mexican independence. [60] On August 24, 1821, representatives of the Spanish crown, including the new viceroy Juan O'Donojú and Iturbide signed the Treaty of Córdoba, which recognized Mexican independence under the Plan of Iguala. Silver mining was the motor of the economy of New Spain, but also fueled the economies of Spain and the entire Atlantic world. Lamport's conspiracy was discovered, and he was arrested by the Inquisition in 1642, and executed fifteen years later for sedition. Long live Our Most Holy Mother of Guadalupe! Immediately after the Mexico City coup ousting Iturrigaray, juntas in Spain created the Supreme Central Junta of Spain and the Indies, on 25 September 1808 in Aranjuez. O'Donojú then resigned as viceroy. 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